|
Helping Your Child Get Ready for School
1 to 2 Years
What to expect
Children this age are:
- Energetic (walk more steadily, run, push, pull, take apart,
carry, and climb on and grab things);
- Self-centered; and
- Busy (like to flip light switches, pour things in and out of
containers, unwrap packages, and empty drawers).
Between their first and second birthdays, they
- Like to imitate the sounds and actions of others (by pretending
to do housework or yardwork, for example);
- Want to be independent and do it themselves (and express this by
saying "No!");
- Can be clingy;
- Can have relatively short attention spans if not involved in an
activity;
- Add variations to their physical skills (by walking back-wards
or sideways, for example);
- Begin to see how they are like and unlike other children;
- Become more sensitive to the moods of others;
- Play alone or alongside other toddlers; and
- Increase their vocabularies from about 2 or 3 words to about 250
words and understand more of what people say to them.
What they need
Children this age require
- A safe environment for exploring;
- Opportunities to make their own choices ("Do you want the red
cup or the blue one?");
- Clear and reasonable limits;
- Opportunities to use big muscles (in the arms and legs, for
example);
- Opportunities to manipulate small objects, such as puzzles and
stackable toys;
- Activities that allow them to touch, taste, smell, hear, and see
new things;
- Chances to learn about "cause and effect"--that things they do
produce certain results (when a stack of blocks gets too high it
will fall over);
- Opportunities to develop and practice their language skills;
and
- Chances to learn about kindness and caring about others'
feelings.
Shopping is just one of many routines that can help your child learn.
It's especially good for teaching new words and introducing
preschoolers to new people and places.
What you'll need
A short shopping list
What to do
- Pick a time when neither you nor your child is hungry or tired.
- At the grocery store, put your child in the grocery cart so that
he faces you. Take your time as you walk up and down the
aisles.
- Talk about what you are seeing and doing: "First, we're going to
buy some cereal. See, it's in a big red and blue box. Listen
to the great noise it makes when I shake the box. Can you shake
the box? Now we're going to pay for the groceries. We'll put
them on the counter while I get out the money. The cashier will
tell us how much we have to pay."
- Let your child feel the items you buy--a cold carton of milk,
for example, or the skin of an orange. Talk to your child about
the items. "The skin of the orange is rough and bumpy. Can
Rochelle feel the skin?"
- Be sure to name objects you see on a shopping trip.
- Let your child touch a soft sweater or try on a hat or a mitten.
Find a mirror so he can see himself. Talk as you go. "Feel how
soft the sweater is. Who's that in the mirror? Is that Andre?"
- Let your child practice his "hi's" and "bye-byes" on clerks and
other shoppers on your outings.
- Keep talking, keep moving, and let your child "help." "In this
store we need to buy some buttons. You can hold the cloth next
to the buttons so I can find the right color." Putting your
toddler's hands in the right position can help him learn to
understand your directions.
- Leave for home before your child gets grumpy.
Shopping is one of many ways to surround children with meaningful
talk. They need to hear a lot of words in order to learn to
communicate themselves. It's particularly helpful when you talk
about the "here and now"--things that are going on in front of your
child.
Puppets can be fascinating. Children know that puppets are not
alive. And yet, they move and talk like real living things. Try
making one at home.
What you'll need
An old clean sock
Buttons (larger than 1 inch in diameter to prevent swallowing)
Needle and thread
Red fabric
Ribbon
An old glove
Felt-tipped pens
Nontoxic glue
Yarn
What to do
- Sock puppet. Use an old clean sock. Sew on buttons for eyes and
nose. Paste or sew on a piece of red fabric for the mouth. Put
a bow made from ribbon at the neck.
- Finger puppets. Cut the ends off the fingers of an old glove.
Draw faces on the fingers with felt-tipped pens. Glue yarn on
for hair.
- Have the puppet talk to your child. "Hello. My name is Tanya.
What a great T-shirt you have on! I like the rabbit on the
front of your T-shirt." Or have the puppet sing a simple song.
Change your voice when the puppet talks or sings.
- Encourage your child to speak to the puppet.
- Put finger puppets on your child to give him practice moving his
fingers one at a time.
- The next time you want help cleaning up, have the puppet make
the request: "Hello, Maria. Let's put these crayons back in the
box and these toys back on the shelves. Can you get me the
ball?"
Puppets provide another opportunity to talk to children and encourage
them to speak. They also help children learn new words, use their
imaginations, and develop their hand and finger coordination.
Children will make many mistakes when they learn to talk. Instead of
correcting them directly, reply by using the right grammar. For
example, if your child says, "Michael done it," reply, "Yes, David,
Michael did it." Speak slowly and clearly so that your child can
imitate your speech. Use full, but short sentences, and avoid baby
talk.
Toddlers love to explore spaces and climb over, through, and into
things.
What you'll need
Stuffed animal or toy
Large cardboard boxes
Pillows
A large sheet
A soft ball
A large plastic laundry basket
Elastic
Bells
What to do
- Pillow jump. Give your toddler some pillows to jump into.
Toddlers usually figure out how to do this one on their own!
- Box car. Give your toddler a large grocery box to push around
the room. He may want to take his stuffed animal or toy for a
ride in it. If the box isn't too high--you'll most likely find
your toddler in there, too!
- Basketball. Sit about 3 feet away from your toddler and hold out
a large plastic laundry basket. Let him try throwing a ball
into the basket.
- Table tent. Cover a table with a sheet that's big enough to
reach the ground on all sides. This makes a great playhouse
that's particularly good for a rainy day. Watch out for bumped
heads!
- Jingle bells. Sew bells onto elastic that will fit comfortably
around your child's ankles. Then watch (and listen to) the fun
while he moves about or jumps up and down.
These skills help children gain control over their large muscles.
They also help children learn important concepts such as up, down,
inside, outside, over, and under.
Return to previous section
Return to the Table of Contents
Go to next section (Two to Three Years)
|
|
